All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. We ask Allaah to exalt his mention as well as that of his family and all his companions.
We have already discussed the fate of the people who did not hear about the Prophet in Fatwa 85624, so please refer to it. As regards those who heard about the Prophet but did not believe in him, then they have no excuse as per the Prophetic narration which reads: “I swear by The One in Whose Hands my soul is! There is no Jew or Christian who hears about me and then dies without having believed in me except that he will be among the dwellers of Hellfire.” [Muslim] They have no excuse because of not being convinced by Islam due to misrepresentations or misconceptions, Allaah Says (what means): {Had Allaah known any good in them, He would have made them hear. And if He had made them hear, they would [still] have turned away, while they were refusing.}[Quran 8:23]
Ibn Katheer interpreted this verse to mean: 'Had Allaah known that there was any good in them He would have made them hear, that is to say made them understand, but since there is no good in them, He did not make them understand because He Knows that if He had made them hear, i.e. made them understand, they would have deliberately turned away and refrained from accepting the truth out of pride after having understood it.'
Allaah Knows best.