All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, is His slave and Messenger.
First of all, we ask Allaah to reward you and increase your zeal on protecting your religion and observing your Hijab. You should know that in principle a woman should remain in her home as much as possible. By remaining in her home, she stays away from the reasons of temptation especially at this present time and age where means of temptation are widespread. Therefore, if you are able to find a permissible job by which you will earn enough money for your living while staying away from the reasons of temptation, then you should stick to this job. Indeed, there are some women who perform jobs and earn their living from their homes.
If a woman has a dire need to go out to work, she must observe the religious requirements which are clarified in Fatwa 82399.
A woman should avoid speaking to non-Mahram men as much as possible. If there is a dire need to talk to them, she should talk to them according to the need only and without softening her voice or speaking to them in an attractive way. Therefore, you should be firm with the men who talk to you on the phone and not allow anyone to tell you expressions like those you mentioned in the question. This is nothing but the work of the devils from the humans and jinn to drag you into means of temptation. If a man continues to talk to you in that manner, you should threaten him to take the matter to the authorities or simply hang up.
For more benefit, please refer to Fataawa 81516 and 82218.
Allaah Knows best.